Recycled Constituent Composites includes processing and characterization of composites manufactured from recycled materials. These composites exhibit light weight and high strength, while having a low manufacturing cost. Industry has seen an increasing demand for high performance, low cost materials, as well as energy-saving production techniques.

As engineers, we are challenged to design with confidence for the long-term performance applications. Many composites manufactured from recycled materials, such as fresh scrap rubber, scrap metallic (essentially Al, Ti, Nb, Ti-AL, Ni-Al, etc.) chips, offer the light weight, strength and durability needed for aircraft and automotive applications.

Currently these composites often are made up of thermosets reinforced with ground scrap materials, producing tough, corrosion resistant parts. Machining chips are being used as the metal matrix for composites through Sintering + Forging, Thixoforming and/or Thixoinfiltration to improve the mechanical, physical -chemical properties for certain applications

I- Novel Recycled Rubber based Composites : Military & Microwave absorption Applications

This research is going on in two parts in the frame of PhD thesis Gamze CAKIR

1- Due to its high impact energy absorption properties, devulcanized recycled rubber based composites reinforced with glass bubbles, short natural fibers, etc. can be considered as a low cost candidate material for military applications which require lightweight protection against shock waves. This work aims at modeling of low cost devulcanized recycled rubber based composite behaviour at high strain rates. In that framework, we established a continuum-based material model in order to capture the macroscopic behavior of the recycled rubber based composite material and numerically reproduce the results from the basic characterization tests. The model is implemented for Finite Element Analysis Software ABAQUS/Standard as a user subroutine UMAT for implicit nonlinear finite element calculations in order to simulate the behavior of several RVEs representing the microstructure of the composite and it is behavior at high strain rates.

2- SiC whiskers and magnetic ferric oxide (Fe3O4) with fresh scrap (recycled) rubber powder (generally NBR) are used to design novel composites materials. Before mixing and milling of the scrap powder rubber is devulcanized. After a homogenous mixture (dried milling + ball milling) very simple hot compaction should be carried out to procedure a novel composite materials. The final samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and magnetometer. Finally, the decrease values of electromagnetic waves passing through the SiC/Fe3O4/NBR composite plates in the 2 10GHz band are easily predicted numerically and compared with measured values.

II- New Design of Recycled metal based composites : Aeronautical Engineering Applications

1- Recycled aluminium (7075) based composites through Sinter + Forging ; an experimental and numerical approach for toughening mechanism

a- First part : reinforced with TiC and/or TiB2, and MoS2

b- Second part : reinforced with g-Al2O3 Fibre/Nb2Al

This research is going on in the frame of PhD thesis by Lilia Mihlyuzova

2- Design of “Cu-Zn-Al-Ni”, “NiTiCu” and “FeTi45” smart composites ; Magnetic permeability, thermal & electrical conductivities

ISAE-SUPMECA/UTCM going on supported partially French Embassy in Sofia/BG and partially AUF (for Balkan Countries). All of the basic materials as the scrap sheets were prepared by SNECMA-FRANCE & AIRBUS-LONDON-UK)

3- Manufacturing of “Ni-Ti” based composites from fresh scrap thin sheets reinforced with Nb and TiB2 through hot-forged bonding : Sandwich Structures

Schematic presentation of the 3P-Bending test (ASTM790) and experimental set up with microstructure of the sandwich composite structure before and after the bending test

4- Recycled Aluminium Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Bubbles and/or Fly Ash Micro Balloons

Produced via Thixoforming and/or Thixoinfiltration

Common Research collaboration with ISAE-SUPMEC & UNICAMP-FEM/SP/BRAZIL

Financial support partially from CNPq – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil) ; Program French Catedra UNICAMP-SP/BR

Only one project is going on :

Compressive Behaviour of AlSiMg0.5Mn Matrix Syntactic Foam Produced via Thixoinfiltration of Fly Ash Micro Balloons

Corresponding : Senior Researcher Fabio Gatamorta, PhD with Cyclotron-Sao Paulo, in Campina/BR

Références :

1. Emin Bayraktar, F. Gatamorta, H. Enginsoy, J. Polis, I. Miskioglu.New Design of Composites from Fresh Scraps of Niobium for Tribological Applications. Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.35-43, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_6⟩
2. H. Enginsoy, Emin Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, F. Gatamorta, D. Katundi. Design of Copper and γ-Alumina Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Matrix Composites through Sintering + Forging, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.73-80, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_11⟩
3. F. Gatamorta, H. Enginsoy, Emin Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, D. Katundi. Design of Recycled Alumix-123 Based Composites Reinforced with γ-Al2O3 through Combined Method ; Sinter + Forging Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.9-17, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_3⟩
4. H. Enginsoy, F. Gatamorta, Emin Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, A. Larbi. Design of Copper and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Reinforced Recycled Aluminium Matrix Composites Through Sintering + Forging, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.45-52, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_7⟩
5. Emin Bayraktar, D. Katundi, F. Gatamorta, I. Miskioglu, H. Murat Enginsoy. Design of Recycled Thin Sheet “Ti-Al” Based Composites Reinforced with AA1050, Boron, TiB2, TiC, and B4C Through Hot-Forged Bonding, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.65-71, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_10⟩
6. R. Moraes, J. Paschoal, Emin Bayraktar, R. Silva, R. Costa et al. Study of a Semisolid Processing Route for Producing an AlSiMg0.5Mn Matrix Syntactic Foam via Thixoinfiltration of Fly Ash Micro Balloons
7. Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.107-113, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_16⟩
8.  
9. H. Enginsoy, Emin Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, D. Katundi. Manufacturing of “Ni-Ti” Based Composites from Fresh Scrap Thin Sheets Reinforced with Nb and TiB2 Through Hot-Forged Bonding : Sandwich Structures
10. Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.53-59, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_8⟩
11. L. Mihlyuzova, H. Enginsoy, D. Dontchev, Emin Bayraktar. Tailored Behaviour of Scrap Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced with Zinc and Aluminium : Low Cost Shape Memory Structures, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and Multifunctional Materials, Volume 6, SPRINGER, 2021,ISBN : 978-3-030-59868-6, http://link.springer.com/, pp.27-33, 2021, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-59868-6_5⟩
12. Ozgur Aslan, Emin Bayraktar. Analytical Solutions of Model Problems for Large-Deformation Micromorphic Approach to Gradient Plasticity, Applied Sciences, MDPI, 2021, ⟨10.3390/app11052361⟩
13. Fathi Masoud, S. Sapuan, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin, Y. Nukman, Emin Bayraktar. Experimental Analysis of Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) in Laser Cutting of Sugar Palm Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites, Polymers, MDPI, 2021, 13 (5), pp.706. ⟨10.3390/polym13050706⟩
14. H. Murat Enginsoy, Emin Bayraktar, Dhurata Katundi, Ibrahim Miskioglu. Detailed investigation of TiN effect on hybrid intermetallic composites manufactured by combined sinter + forging method, Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, Taylor & Francis, 2021, pp.1-12. ⟨10.1080/15376494.2021.1886380⟩
15. B. El Aoud, M. Boujelbene, A. Boudjemline, Emin Bayraktar, S. Ben Salem et al. Investigation of cut edge microstructure and surface roughness obtained by laser cutting of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V, Materials Today : Proceedings, Elsevier, 2021, ⟨10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.756⟩
16. M. Boujelbene, B. El Aoud, Emin Bayraktar, I. Elbadawi, I. Chaudhry et al. Effect of cutting conditions on surface roughness of machined parts in CO2 laser cutting of pure titanium, Materials Today : Proceedings, Elsevier, 2021, ⟨10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.179⟩
17. Ozgur Aslan, Emin Bayraktar. A Large-Deformation Gradient Damage Model for Single Crystals Based on Microdamage Theory, Applied Sciences, MDPI, 2020, 10 (24), pp.9142. ⟨10.3390/app10249142⟩
18. D. Katundi, I. Miskioglu, and E. Bayraktar, Design of Intermetallic Mg (Recycled Ti-Al) Based Composites Through Semi Powder Metallurgy Method, , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_4, pp.27-34, 2020, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_4⟩
19. E. Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, D. Katundi, and F. Gatamorta, Manufacturing of Recycled Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced of TiC/MoS2/Al2O3 Fiber Through Combined Method : Sintered + Forging, Springer, Chapter 3, pp. 15-25, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_3, pp.15-25, 2020, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_3⟩
20. Emin Bayraktar, Tao Gao, Zhidan Sun, Hongqian Xue, Zhi Qin et al. Effect of Turning on the Surface Integrity and Fatigue Life of a TC11 Alloy in Very High Cycle Fatigue Regime, Metals, MDPI, 2020, 10 (11), pp.1507. ⟨10.3390/met10111507⟩
21. Sonia Ezeddini, Mohamed Boujelbene, Emin Bayraktar, Sahbi Ben Salem. Optimization of the Surface Roughness Parameters of Ti–Al Intermetallic Based Composite Machined by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining, Coatings, MDPI, 2020, 10 (9), pp.900. ⟨10.3390/coatings10090900⟩
22. A. Boudjemline, M. Boujelbene, Emin Bayraktar. Surface Quality of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Parts Machined by Laser Cutting, Engineering technology and Applied science research , Dionisios Pylarinos, 2020, 10 (4), pp.6062-6067. ⟨10.48084/etasr.3719⟩
23. H.M. Enginsoy, Emin Bayraktar, D. Katundi, F. Gatamorta, I. Miskioglu. Comprehensive analysis and manufacture of recycled aluminum based hybrid metal matrix composites through the combined method ; sintering and sintering + forging. Composites Part B : Engineering, Elsevier, 2020, 194, pp.108040. ⟨10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108040⟩
24. Fathi Masoud, S.M. Sapuan, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin, Y. Nukman, Emin Bayraktar. Cutting Processes of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites, Polymers, MDPI, 2020, 12 (6), pp.1332. ⟨10.3390/polym12061332⟩
25. Anheng Wang, Hongqian Xue, Emin Bayraktar, Yanli Yang, Shah Saud et al. Analysis and Control of Twist Defects of Aluminum Profiles with Large Z-Section in Roll Bending Process, Metals, MDPI, 2020, 10 (1), pp.31. ⟨10.3390/met10010031⟩
26. Artur Czupryński, Marcin Adamiak, Emin Bayraktar, Bernard Wyględacz. Comparison of tribological properties and structure of coatings produced in powder flame spraying process on grey cast iron, Welding Technology Review, 2020, 92 (3), pp.7-21. ⟨10.26628/wtr.v92i3.1102⟩
27. Alaeddin Burak Irez, Emin Bayraktar. Design of Epoxy Modified Recycled Rubber-Based Composites : Effects of Different Contents of Nano-Silica, Alumina and Graphene Nanoplatelets Modification on the Toughening Behavior, Gazi University, Journal of Science, 2020, 33 (1), pp.188-199. ⟨10.35378/gujs.585446⟩
28. Emin Bayraktar, Alaeddin Burak Irez, Ibrahim Miskioglu. Fracture Toughness Analysis of Epoxy-Recycled Rubber-Based Composite Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Structural Applications in Automotive and Aeronautics, Polymers, MDPI, 2020, 12 (2), pp.448. ⟨10.3390/polym12020448⟩
29.  F. Gatamorta, Dhurata Katundi, E. Bayraktar, L. M. P. Ferreira, and M. L. N. M. Melo, Magnetic Shape Memory Composite (MSMC) Design from Intermetallic Cu-NiTi-MnAl-Fe3O4 Alloy as an Alternative Replacement for Actuators, Springer, Chapter 7, pp. 47-53, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_7,
30. A. Burak Irez, Emin Bayraktar Design of a Low-Cost Aircraft Structural Material Based on Epoxy : Recycled Rubber Composites Modified with Multifunctional Nano Particles, Mechanics of Composite and Multi-functional Materials, Volume 5,, pp.73-80, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_11⟩
31. Emin Bayraktar, Dhurata Katundi, Fábio Gatamorta, Ibrahim Miskioglu. Design of Hydroxyapatite/Magnetite (Hap/Fe3O4) Based Composites Reinforced with ZnO and MgO for Biomedical Applications, Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research, Vol. 21, Issue 2, pp. 15790-15797, 2019 <10.26717/BJSTR.2019.21.003585>
32. E. Bayraktar, and M. L. N. M. Mel, Recycling of Aluminium-431 by High Energy Milling Reinforced with TiC-Mo-Cu for New Composites in Connection Applications, Chapter 6, pp.41-46, 2019, Springer,, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_6, In press, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_6⟩
33. G. Katundi, D. Katundi, E. Bayraktar, and I. Miskioglu, Alternative Composite Design from Recycled Aluminum (AA7075) Chips for Knuckle Applications-II, Springer, Chapter 2, pp. 9-14, 2019, pp.9-14, ⟨10.1007/978-3-030-30028-9_2⟩
34.  A. Burak Irez, Georges Zambelis, Emin Bayraktar. A New Design of Recycled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber Modified Epoxy Based Composites Reinforced with Alumina Fiber : Fracture Behavior and Damage Analyses. Materials, MDPI, 2019, 12 (17), pp.2729. ⟨10.3390/ma12172729⟩
35. Claudiney Mendonça, Patricia Capellato, Emin Bayraktar, Fábio Gatamorta, José Gomes et al. Recycling Chips of Stainless Steel Using a Full Factorial Design, Metals, MDPI, 2019, 9 (8), pp.842. ⟨10.3390/met9080842⟩
36. H. Murat. Enginsoy, F. Gatamorta, Emin Bayraktar, M.H. Robert, I. Miskioglu. Experimental and numerical study of Al-Nb2Al composites via associated procedure of powder metallurgy and Thixoforming, Composites Part B : Engineering, Elsevier, 2019, 162, pp.397-410. ⟨10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.138⟩
37. A. Burak Irez, Emin Bayraktar, Ibrahim Miskioglu. Flexural fatigue damage analyses of recycled rubber - modified epoxy-based composites reinforced with alumina fibres, Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, Wiley-Blackwell, 2019, volume 42, issue 4, pp. 959-971 <doi.org/10.1111/ffe.12964>
38. Emin Bayraktar, Halil Enginsoy, Ali Kurşun. A Comprehensive Study on the Deformation Behavior of Hadfield Steel Sheets Subjected to the Drop Weight Test : Experimental Study and Finite Element Modeling, Metals, MDPI, 2018, 8 (9), ⟨10.3390/met8090734⟩
39.  A. Burak Irez, Emin Bayraktar, I. Miskioglu, Recycled and devulcanized rubber modified epoxy-based composites reinforced with nano-magnetic iron oxide, Fe3O4, Composites Part B : Engineering, Elsevier, 2018, 148, pp.1-13. ⟨10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.04.047⟩
40. Emin Bayraktar, Fábio Gatamorta, Maria Helena Robert. METHOD FOR OBTAINNING METALLIC CELULAR MATERIALS, National Patent, Brazil, 2018 Patent n° : BR1020180118080.
41. A. Irez, I. Miskioglu, Emin Bayraktar, Design of Cost Effective Epoxy + Scrap Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide and Alumina Fibers, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and multifunctional Materials, volume 5, pp.59-66, 2018. <doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95510-0_7>
42. M. Douiri, M. Boujelbene, Emin Bayraktar, S. Ben Salem, A Study of the Surface Integrity of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V in the Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and multifunctional Materials, Springer, Volume 5, pp.221-228, 2018 <doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95510-0_27>
43. Rodolfo Leibholz, Henrique Leibholz, Emin Bayraktar, Maria Helena Robert. Investigation on Microstructure and Interfaces in Graded FE50007 / WC Composites Produced by Casting, Mechanics of Composite, Hybrid and multifunctional Materials, Springer, Volume 5, pp.321-329, 2018 <doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95510-0_43>